Carman, James M.; Shortell, Stephen M.; Foster, Richard W.; Hughes, Edward F.X.; Boerstler, Heidi; O’ Brien, James L.; and O’Connor, Edward J.
Health Care Management Review Vol. 35, Issue 4, pp 283-293

This article reports the findings of an analysis of the implementation of continuous quality improvement (CQI) or total quality management (TQM) programs in 10 hospitals. This analysis is the result of a 2-year study designed to identify and assess the ingredients that lead to the successful implementation of CQI programs in acute care hospitals.