Chenlei Leng and Cheng Yong Tang
Journal of the American Statistical Association. 107 1187-1200.

Matrix-variate observations are frequently encountered in many contemporary statistical problems due to a rising need to organize and analyze data with structured information. In this article, we propose a novel sparse matrix graphical model for these types of statistical problems. By penalizing, respectively, two precision matrices corresponding to the rows and columns, our method yields a sparse matrix graphical model that synthetically characterizes the underlying conditional independence structure. Our model is more parsimonious and is practically more interpretable than the conventional sparse vector-variate graphical models. Asymptotic analysis shows that our penalized likelihood estimates enjoy better convergent rates than that of the vector-variate graphical model. The finite sample performance of the proposed method is illustrated via extensive simulation studies and several real datasets analysis