Mary A Malina Journal of Applied Business Research, Vol 29, Issue 3
Both professionals and academics have long criticized the use of traditional financial performance measures and called for balance in performance measurement systems. In 1992, Kaplan and Norton introduced the Balanced Scorecard and it has been adopted widely around the world and offered as a superior combination of nonfinancial and financial measures of performance. This paper is the result of a 15-year field study of a Fortune 500 company’s Balanced Scorecard. Both qualitative and quantitative data were collected to address the following research questions with respect to the Balanced Scorecard: 1) What has changed over time? 2) What has not changed over time? 3) Why has it endured? Changes highlighted are that the Balanced Scorecard was unaffected by a major change in organizational structure, a narrowing of focus and reduction in the scope over time, processes for changing the design were formalized, and that it has become engrained in the compensation system. Factors that have remained constant over time are the purpose of the Balanced Scorecard, its use for relative performance evaluation, and its use as a tool for best practice sharing. Two factors that appear to explain why it has endured are its use as a learning and communication tool and its ability to influence behavior. The paper concludes with a list of key success factors for building and sustaining a successful scorecard. This list might also be helpful to researchers seeking to investigate the design, use or impact of a Balanced Scorecard.
Onook Oh, Manish Agrawal, H Raghav Rao Mis Quarterly,Vol. 37, Issue 2,
Social media services and consumer computing devices are rapidly changing the way we are creating, distributing, and sharing emergency information during social crises (Palen et al. 2010; Palen et al. 2009; Shklovski et al. 2010; Shklovski et al. 2008; Starbird and Palen 2010). During large-scale crises (eg, natural disasters and terrorist attacks), it has become the norm that the incident is initially reported by a local eyewitness with a mobile communication device, the report is rapidly distributed through social media services, and … [Full Text]
Jae H. Choi and Judy E. Scott Journal of theoretical and applied electronic commerce research, VOL 8 / ISSUE 1 / APRIL 2013
Social network sites (SNSs) have attracted millions of users who interact with each other and with companies. However, few studies have examined the impact of knowledge sharing through electronic word of mouth (eWOM) in the context of SNSs. This paper investigates the relationship among the use of SNSs, users’ social capital, knowledge sharing, and eWOM. The results show that the intensity of use of SNSs is positively related to trust and identification which have a positive effect on eWOM quality. In addition, eWOM quality has a positive effect on knowledge sharing. Female users feel more strongly about eWOM quality when they trust others, or when they perceive that they belong to their SNS community when they use their SNS. Furthermore, female users feel more strongly about knowledge sharing when they perceive that eWOM quality is good. This study provides the theoretical framework of the relationship between eWOM and knowledge sharing on SNSs from the perspective of social capital. Practitioners could use this study as a rationale to utilize SNSs internally for organizational use, and externally for marketing purposes.
Marion Festing, Pawan S. Budhwar, Wayne Cascio, Peter J. Dowling, Hugh Scullion German Journal of Research in Human Resource Management, Vol. 27 Issue 3, March 2013, P. 161-166
International Human Resource Management (IHRM) has become an important field of research. The first textbook on International Human Resource Management is approaching its 25th birthday (Dowling & Schuler, 1990; Dowling, Festing, & Engle,
2013) and the first journal dedicated to the investigation of human resource management topics in an international context established in 1989, the International Journal of Human Resource Management, is also close to it 25th Volume. Another specialized journal dedicated to international staff mobility, the Journal of Global Mobility, has been established by a group of prominent IHRM researchers this year. A regular conference dedicated to IHRM was established in the late 1980s and for more than 20 years this conference has convened biennially. It still enjoys strong support and the 13th Conference will be organized in Cracow, Poland in 2014.
Elizabeth S Cooperman
International Review of Accounting, Banking & Finance, Volume 5 Issue 1, March 2013, Pp. 47-65.
This paper provides a brief overview of some of the sustainability developments that companies and non-profit groups have undertaken in the finance area including sustainability in banking, venture capital and investment companies, and integration of sustainability as part of corporate social responsibility by large and small companies. Although in practice by many corporations have taken on a more social and environmental focus in terms of sustainable finance and accounting efforts, the field of finance generally …
Mark Lewis and Gary Kochenberger
International Journal of Information Technology & Decision Making. (2013) Vol. 12, Issue 2
In this paper, the cardinality constrained quadratic model for binary quadratic programming is used to model and solve the graph bisection problem as well as its generalization in the form of the task allocation problem with two processors (2-TAP). Balanced graph bisection is an NP-complete problem which partitions a set of nodes in the graph G = (N, E) into two sets with equal cardinality such that a minimal sum of edge weights exists between the nodes in the two separate sets. 2-TAP is graph bisection with the addition of node preference costs in the objective function. We transform the general linear k-TAP model to the cardinality constrained quadratic binary model so that it may be efficiently solved using tabu search with strategic oscillation. On a set of benchmark graph bisections, we improve the best known solution for several problems. Comparison results with the state-of-the-art graph partitioning program METIS, as well as Cplex and Gurobi are presented on a set of randomly generated graphs. This approach is shown to also work well with 2-TAP, comparing favorably to Cplex and Gurobi, providing better solutions in a much shorter time.
Yosef Bonaparte and Alok Kumar Journal of Financial Economics, Volume 107, Issue 3, Pp. 760–786
This paper examines whether political activism increases people’s propensity to participate in the stock market. Our key conjecture is that politically active people follow political news more actively, which increases their chance of being exposed to financial news. Consequently, their information gathering costs are likely to be lower and the propensity to participate in the market would be higher. We find support for this hypothesis using multiple micro-level data sets, state-level data from the US, and cross-country data from Europe. Irrespective of their political affiliation, politically active individuals are 9–25% more likely to participate in the stock market. Using residence in “battleground” states and several other geographic instruments, we demonstrate that greater political activism reduces information gathering costs and causes higher market participation rates. Further, consistent with our conjecture, we find that politically active individuals spend about 30 minutes more on news daily and appear more knowledgeable about the economy and the markets.
The relationship between macroeconomic developments and bank capital buffer and portfolio risk adjustments is relevant to assess the efficacy of newly created countercyclical buffer requirements. Using the US bank holding company data over the period 1992: Q1-2011: Q3, we find a negative relationship between the business cycle and capital buffer. Our results offer some support for the Basel III agreements that countercyclical capital buffer in the banking sector is necessary to help the performance of the real economy during … [Full Text]
Moonkyu Lee, Hae, Ryong Kim, Kwanghee Yoo, Lawrence Cunningham, and Namin Kim Journal of International Marketing Strategy,Vol. 1, Issue 1, pp. 52-XX
This study investigates the effects of Corporate Social Responsibility (or CSR) fulfillment on consumer loyalty in the service market environment by comparing them with the effects of marketing mix strategies. This study also examines two potential mediating factors (i.e., service quality and consumer trust) in understanding how CSR relates to consumer loyalty. The results show that CSR performance builds customer trust, which leads to customer loyalty. CSR activities also affect customer perceptions of service quality although their effect is weaker than that of marketing mix strategies. The paper concludes with a discussion of the implications of the study for researchers and marketers.
Chorng-Guang Wu, James H Gerlach, Clifford E Young Open Source Software Dynamics, Processes, and Applications, pp. 231-259
This study differs from previous studies on open source software (OSS) developer motivation by drawing upon theories of volunteerism and work motivation to investigate the motives and attitudes of OSS volunteer developers. The role of commitment is specifically interesting, which is well established in the volunteerism and work motivation literature as a predictor of turnover and positively related to work performance, but has been overlooked by OSS researchers. The authors have developed a research model relating …
E. Woodrow Eckard Journal of Sports Economics, Vol. 14, No. 1, February 2013, Pages 3-22.
The cartel view of the Bowl Championship Series (BCS) implies that it creates an advantage for automatic qualifying (AQ) member schools relative to other Division IA/FBS schools in recruiting the best players and hiring other inputs. The resulting playing-field advantage should produce more wins over “outsiders.” Weaker AQ schools benefit relatively more because previously they had competed more closely with outsiders for players. The evidence generally supports the cartel view. The AQ BCS schools and conferences have significantly increased their win percentage against outsiders. Also, the weaker AQ schools have performed better against the top tier, and have shown the greatest improvement against outsiders.
Chorng–Guang Wu, James H. Gerlach, Clifford E. Young International Journal of Information and Decision Sciences, Vol 5 No. 2/2013
This study explores the relationships between open source software (OSS) volunteer developers’ motivations, commitment to the OSS community and effort spent on OSS development. The study considers multiple extrinsic and intrinsic motivations that are expected to influence developer effort, and also measures the extent to which developers commit themselves to the OSS community, which in turn is expected to cause them to exert effort on behalf of OSS projects. The model is empirically tested using a field survey of OSS volunteers. The results show that the major motivational forces driving OSS volunteer developers’ effort are helping others (intrinsic motivator), fun for coding (intrinsic motivator) and peer recognition (extrinsic motivator), while developer commitment has a direct and significant effect on their effort decisions. Findings also suggest that time availability moderates the relationship between commitment and effort.
The mean reversion of real exchange rates in G5 countries depends on both countries’ fiscal deficits/surplus in a nonlinear way. When the fiscal policy pushes the real exchange rate to be deviated further away from the equilibrium level, the mean reversion process is faster.
E. Woodrow Eckard and Marlene A. Smith Economic Letters, Vol. 118, Issue 1, January 2013, Pages 222–224
We estimate consumer surplus gains and losses from concert ticket price discrimination. Fans purchasing low-priced tickets enjoy a surplus gain of about $9.26 per ticket while high-priced ticket buyers suffer a loss of about $17.63 per ticket. We estimate consumer surplus gains and losses resulting from price discrimination. A demand-based model provides the counterfactual uniform price and tickets sold. The sample includes 45 popular music concerts in the U.S. Our results suggest an estimated net consumer surplus loss of about $1.3 million. The dollar loss to high-income fans is more than twice the gain to low-income fans.
Song Xi Chen, Jing Qin, and Cheng Yong Tang Journal of the Royal Statistical Society, Jan. 2013, Vol. 75 Issue 1, pp. 81-102
The conventional Wilcoxon or Mann–Whitney test can be invalid for comparing treatment effects in the presence of missing values or in observational studies. This is because the missingness of the outcomes or the participation in the treatments may depend on certain pretreatment variables.We propose an approach to adjust the Mann–Whitney test by correcting the potential bias via consistently estimating the conditional distributions of the outcomes given the pretreatment variables.We also propose semiparametric extensions of the adjusted Mann-Whitney test which lead to dimension reduction for high dimensional covariates. A novel bootstrap procedure is devised to approximate the null distribution of the test statistics for practical implementations. Results from simulation studies and an economics observational study data analysis are presented to demonstrate the performance of the approach proposed.
Brandon Beemer and Dawn G. Gregg
IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics: Systems, 3(1), January 2013, pp. 74-84.
The evolution of eCommerce over the past decade has resulted in a wide range of tools that enable consumers to make better decisions about the products or services that they are purchasing. One class of tools that are now widely used in a variety of eCommerce domains are mashups, which combine disparate sources of information (e.g. price, product reviews, seller reviews) to support buyer decision making. Previous academic studies examining decision support tools for eCommerce domains have focused on how these tools affect information search, consideration set size, and the impact on the quality of the decision made. This paper discusses dynamic interaction, the degree to which a user can revisit and revise their inputs and consider alternative solutions during a decision. The effects of dynamic interaction on confidence and intention was investigated in an experiment, the results of which indicated that increasing dynamic interaction increased the perceived diagnosticity (i.e., the extent to which the user believes the tool is useful to evaluate a product) of the mashup and the overall confidence in the decision. In addition, a post-hoc analysis of decision quality suggests that increased levels of dynamic interaction also improve the overall quality of the decision made.
Murray J Cote, Marlene A Smith, David R Eitel, Elif Akali Hospital topics,Vol. 91, Issue 1, Pages: 9-19.
This article is a tutorial for emergency department (ED) medical directors needing to anticipate ED arrivals in support of strategic, tactical, and operational planning and activities. The authors demonstrate our regression-based forecasting models based on data obtained from a large teaching hospital’s ED. The versatility of the regression analysis is shown to readily accommodate a variety of forecasting situations. Trend regression analysis using annual ED arrival data shows the long-term growth. The monthly and daily variation in ED … [Full Text]
Gregory D Saxton, Onook Oh, Rajiv Kishore Information Systems Management,Vol. 30, Issue 1, Pages: 2-20.
In this article, the authors first provide a practical yet rigorous definition of crowdsourcing that incorporates “crowds,” outsourcing, and social web technologies. They then analyze 103 well-known crowdsourcing web sites using content analysis methods and the hermeneutic reading principle. Based on their analysis, they develop a “taxonomic theory” of crowdsourcing by organizing the empirical variants in nine distinct forms of crowdsourcing models. They also discuss key issues and directions, concentrating on the notion of … [Full Text]